
Two Investigators, One Administrative Record: What Rules Govern the Government Fact-Finder?
By Bradley J. Burt | Independent Jaded Patriot Press | Outpost 422®
MADISON, Wis. — My dispute with Wisconsin Equal Rights Division investigators Ann Hanson Lininger and Matthew Meissner is no longer simply about whether I agree with their conclusions. From my posture as a pro se complainant and independent journalist documenting my own administrative proceedings, the more important question is narrower: What rules govern an Equal Rights Officer when deciding what evidence matters, what allegations are actually before the agency, and whether there is probable cause to send a discrimination claim forward?
The Division itself supplies the starting point. An Equal Rights Officer is supposed to act “impartially and independently,” represents neither complainant nor respondent, may seek information from parties and witnesses, and ultimately issues an Initial Determination of probable cause or no probable cause. ERD also emphasizes that an NPC determination means the investigator found insufficient evidence to believe the law was violated; it does not necessarily establish that no violation occurred.
That distinction is the center line of my Journalism eDiscovery™ Pong.
I am not asking readers to presume that Lininger or Meissner intentionally suppressed evidence. I am asking something capable of documentary examination:
What did I allege? What did the Respondent answer? What did the investigator acknowledge receiving? What did the evidence actually establish? And what allegations did the Initial Determination ultimately decide?
Pong.
The rules above the personalities
Neither my frustration nor an investigator’s discretion determines Wisconsin fair-employment law.
The first governing layer is the Wisconsin Fair Employment Act, Wis. Stat. §§ 111.31–111.395. ERD identifies those provisions as the statutory foundation for Wisconsin employment-discrimination complaints.
The second layer is the Wisconsin Administrative Code, particularly the Chapter DWD 218 process governing discrimination complaints, investigation, probable cause, hearings and related procedure.
And the probable-cause standard is important because an investigation is not supposed to decide the entire merits case.
LIRC describes probable cause as requiring more than mere suspicion but less than the ultimate merits showing. Its digest describes probable cause as a screening mechanism and explains that a later probable-cause hearing gives a complainant more exacting examination of the evidence than the ordinary investigative process.
That means an investigator isn’t conducting the final trial.
But neither is the investigator merely sorting mail.
PONG: Lininger
The Marcus investigation gives me a useful control because the contemporaneous correspondence does not depict Lininger simply working against me.
She granted extensions.
She attempted mediation when I requested it.
She helped me correct an amendment that risked dropping my original disability allegation.
When my documentary submissions became overwhelming, she told me so.
Her solution was memorable: give her a “road map.”
She also told me that I did not have to resend everything because she already possessed the materials in the file.
That is precisely why my present question about Lininger’s investigation is not:
Why did she ignore me?
I haven’t established that proposition.
My question is:
Once an investigator expressly asks a pro se complainant to identify the roadmap through evidence already maintained in the investigative file, what responsibility does the Division have to resolve each properly raised allegation when issuing its determination?
Here Wisconsin’s own administrative precedent becomes interesting. ERD’s published decision digest cites Fleschar v. Rainfair for the proposition that, at the investigative and hearing stages, the Division must make findings, conclusions and orders on each specific allegation of discrimination raised by the complainant. The same digest says that when investigation reveals a second discrimination basis not clearly identified in the complaint, the appropriate procedure is to advise the complainant to amend—which is substantially what Lininger did with me.
That gives us something testable.
Complaint → amendment → roadmap → evidence → determination.
Did those five stages remain aligned?
That’s Pong.
PONG: Meissner
Meissner presents a different comparison.
Years earlier, in the Marcus matter, Meissner himself explained to me how protected opposition could be pleaded. He told me that individual complainants file separately and explained the significance of identifying opposition to discrimination.
Later, in my Frank Productions proceedings, Meissner again provided procedural guidance concerning amendments and expressly supplied language identifying opposition-to-discrimination allegations.
My disagreement with his subsequent investigation therefore shouldn’t be reduced to:
Meissner ruled against me.
That proves virtually nothing.
The Journalism eDiscovery question is:
What allegations did Meissner recognize as properly presented, what evidence was associated with those allegations, and what happened to each allegation when the probable-cause analysis was written?
Again:
Meissner said.
Burt said.
Frank said.
The exhibits said.
The Initial Determination said.
Put them beside each other.
Don’t infer motive where documentary comparison will do.
What investigators actually owe the process
ERD’s own public guidance says investigators are impartial and independent fact-finders, not advocates for either side.
That creates obligations in both directions.
An investigator doesn’t become my attorney because I am pro se.
The investigator doesn’t have to accept my interpretation of a recording simply because I supplied it.
The investigator doesn’t have to believe my witness instead of the employer’s witness.
And being a disabled veteran, journalist, DVR participant or unrepresented litigant doesn’t relieve me of the burden applicable to the discrimination claim.
Indeed, ERD’s published precedent says the complainant bears the burden of establishing probable cause and that factual conflicts can require weighing evidence rather than automatically resolving disputes for the complainant.
But impartiality cuts the other direction too.
An investigator isn’t Respondent’s attorney.
A Respondent’s explanation isn’t automatically a finding of fact.
A credibility dispute doesn’t disappear merely because management denies an allegation.
And if several properly pleaded discrimination allegations are before the Division, the administrative record should permit later decision-makers to determine what happened to each one.
That is the institutional question I am documenting.
Where federal law enters—and where it doesn’t
This is where my reporting must remain disciplined.
ERD also administers complaints that may overlap with federal antidiscrimination protections, and its public materials identify Title VII, the ADA, ADEA and other federal employment laws as distinct federal authorities with their own procedures.
But an investigator issuing an NPC determination I believe is wrong does not automatically create a federal constitutional violation.
Nor does an omitted sentence, overlooked exhibit, credibility determination or erroneous legal conclusion automatically convert an administrative disagreement into a federal civil-rights lawsuit.
The administrative process matters.
An NPC determination can be appealed. A probable-cause hearing gives the complainant an opportunity to present evidence before a quasi-judicial decision-maker, and ERD precedent specifically cautions that such a hearing is directed toward whether probable cause exists rather than simply reviewing the investigator’s investigative technique.
That is why I am preserving rather than prematurely declaring my federal theory.
My working sequence is:
PRESENTED → RECEIVED → ACKNOWLEDGED → MATERIAL → ADDRESSED → APPEALED → CURED OR NOT CURED → LIRC → FINAL AGENCY ACTION → JUDICIAL REVIEW.
Only after that administrative Pong is complete does the separate question arise whether something more than administrative error occurred—such as an independently actionable deprivation of a federal right.
The Jaded Patriot Press position
I occupy an unusual seat at this table.
I am the complainant.
I am pro se.
And I am simultaneously documenting my own litigation history through an independent publishing project.
Those roles require more restraint, not less.
Outpost 422 should therefore distinguish four categories every time it publishes an allegation:
What I personally observed.
What another party alleges.
What a contemporaneous document objectively establishes.
What remains disputed or unknown.
My publication doesn’t transform an allegation into evidence.
Likewise, an attorney’s brief doesn’t transform Respondent’s allegation into fact.
And an investigator’s Initial Determination doesn’t erase the underlying administrative record.
Each source gets its own column.
That is Journalism eDiscovery.
The final Pong
My criticism of Lininger and Meissner ultimately should be judged against the same standard I apply to myself.
Not personality.
Not anger.
Not assumptions about motive.
The record.
Lininger asked for a roadmap.
I supplied one.
Meissner identified allegations he understood me to be asserting.
I supplied evidence.
Respondents supplied competing explanations.
Investigators exercised their statutory roles.
The administrative process provides additional review.
Now Outpost 422 asks the question an independent press should ask when government becomes the fact-finder:
Can a neutral reader follow each material allegation from complaint, to evidence, to response, to investigative treatment, to administrative review—and determine from the record why the government reached the result it did?
If the answer is yes, Pong documents the explanation.
If the answer is no, Pong identifies the gap.
If the gap is corrected on appeal, Pong documents the correction.
And if a material legal or procedural defect survives the administrative system into final agency action, that—not simply my dissatisfaction with an investigator—is when the judicial-review question becomes serious.
Lininger said.
Meissner said.
The Respondents said.
Burt said.
The record speaks.
Pong.
EDITORIAL REFERENCE — How to Read an Outpost 422® Pong
Pong is an Outpost 422® Journalism eDiscovery™ editorial method for comparing competing accounts against the documentary record. It is not a finding of liability, misconduct, discrimination, or credibility.
Each exchange is evaluated through five positions:
THEY SAID → I SAID → THE RECORD SAID → THE DECISION-MAKER SAID → WHAT HAPPENED NEXT?
Outpost 422 uses the following editorial labels:
- CONFIRMED — Supported by a contemporaneous document, recording, official record, or other independently identifiable source.
- ACKNOWLEDGED — A person or agency confirmed receipt, existence, or occurrence, without necessarily agreeing with its meaning.
- DISPUTED — Material accounts conflict and the publication does not treat either account as established fact.
- INFERENCE — A conclusion suggested by known facts but not independently established.
- GAP — The materials presently reviewed do not establish what happened.
- OMISSION — Reserved for circumstances where the record establishes that a material matter was properly presented but the relevant decision does not address it where treatment would reasonably be expected.
- AFTERMATH — What happened after the disputed event, including investigation, appeal, hearing, correction, remand, or later adjudication.
Editorial rule: A party’s allegation is not a fact merely because it appears in a legal filing. A complainant’s account is not independently verified merely because it is published. An investigator’s determination does not erase contrary evidence. A recording or document establishes only what its contents reasonably support.
The purpose of Pong is therefore not to tell the reader who to believe. It is to make the provenance visible enough that the reader can distinguish fact, allegation, inference, administrative finding, and unresolved dispute.
PONG RULE: Attribute the claim. Identify the source. Preserve the contradiction. Follow the record. Report the outcome.









